Appendix IV: Status on onshore power supply in Danish ports

What is the status on onshore power supply (OPS) in Danish ports both existing and planned onshore power?
What kind of ships does the shore power supply? (Cruise ships, ferries, fishing vessels, bulk carrier etc.)
 

Resumé/conclusions

In general, most Danish ports can offer onshore power to some extent and the ports are interested in expanding the possibility for OPS for more ships. Some ports are therefore now investigating new OPS for more ships in the ports.
It is easier to offer onshore power for ships that regularly calls a port. If a ship needs to stay in port for a longer period it is possible for some ports to power the ship.
Ships/drilling platforms that are in a port for longer periods can to a greater extent be supplied with shore power.
Many ships cannot today receive shore power, but some ships need to be retrofitted first. It depends on the type of ship.
Fishing ports can supply most of the fishing vessels with shore power, but not the largest ones.
 

Financing OPS

The members of Danish Ports are owned by their municipalities. The ports are organized in 3 different ways:
  1. As stock companies - ports
  2. As self-governing port
  3. As municipality ports – controlled directly from the municipality
All the biggest ports that are members of Danish Port are either stock companies or self-governing port.
All the current OPS (Danish Ports members) have been financed by the ports, but to supply bigger ships with OPS, that does not regularly calls a port, the port needs funding. It requires large infrastructure investments to reorganize the power supply and supply, for example, cruise ships.
 

Regulation – obstacles

Denmark has a special scheme, do to Council Implementing Decision (EU) 2015/993 of 19 June 2015 on permission for Denmark to apply a reduced tax rate on electricity delivered directly to vessels moored at the quay in port, in accordance with Article 19 of Directive 2003/96 / EC
The agreement expires after six years, which is why it is currently only valid until 17 June 2027.  jf. (EU) 2021/922 af 7. juni 2021
The agreement has been implemented in Danish law via the Electricity Tax Act LBK no. 1272 of 10/06/2021.
The Ports of Denmark find it crucial that this special scheme is extended after June 2021 (preferably it should be made permanent). A lack of continuation will destroy business cases for many shore power plants, as it will be cheaper for the ships to produce their own power rather than connect to shore power.
The Taxation Minister of Denmark - Morten Bødskov has answered Danish Ports, that he expect that Denmark will get the regulation extended for 6 more years.
 

OPS –  electric ferries

Today a few Danish ferries receive shore power, these are battery ferries that have short routes, Helsingor – Helsingborg and Fynshav - Søby).
Helsingor – Helsingborg Two of the ferries crossing between Helsingør-Helsingborg crossing two ferries have been converted for battery operation since 2018. They sail less than 3 nautical miles (4,8 km).
They will have a total of 640 batteries of 6.5 kWh installed each in two deckhouses at the top of the ferries. Lightning charge
The ferry's batteries must be charged with approximately 1,200 kWh each time the ferries are in port.
The ferry is only ashore for five and a half minutes in Elsinore and 9 minutes in Helsingborg after each crossing.
HH Ferries is the first shipping company in the world to introduce pure battery operation on ferries as large as Tycho Brahe and Aurora, which can accommodate respectively. 1,100 and 1,250 passengers as well as 240 cars and sail around the clock.
The investment amounts to 234 million DKK ), and the EU has provided a subsidy of 13 million. EUR (97 million. DKK).
Fynshav - Søby): Since 2019 one E-ferry has been sailing between Fynshavn and Søby. It sails 22 nautical miles (approx. 40 kilometers/return trip) with average consumption of 1600 kWh per return trip (it charges in Søby). The E-Ferry has been funded by European Union’s Horizon 2020 - E-ferry Project. There are both public and private partners involved in the project.
Aarhus – Odden: The Port of Aarhus supply shore power in agreement with Molslinien for the ferries sailing between Aarhus – Odden. It has delivered shore power from December 2020.    
It can supply 4 ferries, each at 300 KW. It will be part of the new kay, that has been constructed in 2020.
Copenhagen – Oslo: CMP (Copenhagen Malmö Port) has made an agreement with DFDS to supply onshore power to the ferries from Copenhagen – Oslo. At present, it is not possible to state when the plant will be completed or the size of the plant.
Hirtshals – Kristiansand (Larvik): There are no current plans for OPS in Hirtshals, the ferries are in port in Hirtshals for an ½ hour. It takes to lang to connect/disconnect the OPS to make it profitable. In Kristiansand they have OPS.
Rønne – Køge: Bornholmslinien are investigating OPS for the ferries.
Rønne – Ystad: There are no current plans for OPS in Rønne, the ferries are at the quay for a short time in port to connect/disconnect the OPS to make it profitable
 

OPS – Cruise ships

  • In general it is costly to supply cruise ships with onshore power.
  • In many cases the ports need to build new infrastructure to a new power grid to be able to supply sufficient power.
  • It is also necessary to convert from 50/60 Hz.
  • The cruise ships mainly arrive in summer period from May–September.
The ports need financial support to make a positive business case for OPS for cruise ships. Both the Port of Aarhus and CMP (and Helsinki, Stockholm and Rostock) have together applied (and received) support to OPS for cruise ships and ferries from EU -  CEF - Connecting Europe Facility (60 mio. DDK. All in all). Aarhus municipality support OPS for cruise ships with 8 mio. DDK.
The Corona virus has cancelled almost all cruise calls in 2020, this has postponed the planned OPS for cruise ships, there are also great uncertainties for the cruise seasons 2021 and 2022.
 Onshore power for cruises in the Ports is under technical clarification. The ports need more clarity about what the future holds for the cruise industry, so they dimension the plant according to the actual conditions.   
 

OPS – Fishing Vessels

The 5 biggest fishing ports (Port of Skagen, Hanstholm, Thyborøn, Hirtshals and Hvide Sande)  all can supply some of the fishing ships with onshore power, the OPS is automatic, so the ships can connect online and get the power they need. To day they can supply OPS from 63A to 400A. Some of the fishing ports have expanded in recent years and built new quays that can supply OPS up to 400A. Some of the ports have planned to expand in the coming years, and they are looking at the possibility to supply OPS up to 800A for bigger ships.
In Port of Thyborøn up to about 90% of the fishing boats resident in Thyborøn get OPS. Only about 10% of the non resident fishing ships get OPS.
In the Port of Skagen they have made contract with Powercon. Form October 2021 they will have 10 pcs. 350A sockets are each built with their own voltage and frequency converter, which makes it possible to supply 10 ships with different voltage levels and frequencies, independently of each other. Each outlet can supply voltages from 400V to 690V with 50Hz or 60Hz
Other ships are probably only 5-10% that connect to OPS, when they are lying for a long time eg for repair.
 

Shore Power – cargo ships (container, bulk etc)

In general, all ports can supply ships with shore power to some extent, but there is generally not a great demand for shore power from cargo ships - bulk carriers etc.
Larger ships can in some ports be supplied with onshore power only if they are to be maintained for a long time or are stored in the port.
Some ports offer onshore power for supply ships, this is possible because the same ship regularly calls the port. ADP A/S (Ports of Fredericia and Nyborg) have installed OPS fore supply ships in the port.
Port of Grenaa has the first mobile OPS, that can supply both 50- and 60 Hz. It can supply 1600 kW. It is primarily for drilling rigs and ships, which are maintained for a long time or are stored in the port of Grenaa.
In the port of Esbjerg, in 2021 they have invested two mobile OPS plants, each with a capacity of 500 Amp and can deliver up to 10,000 kWh per day on each of the two cable outlets
In the port of Esbjerg they plan new investments in OPS, as they have experienced increasing interest in OPS.

Overview of onshore power supply in Danish ports

Here is an overview of the known (and known planned) onshore power supply in Danish ports:
Table 4: Overview of known (and known planned) onshore power supply in Danish ports.
Port owner
Size/Ship types
OPS
New OPS – future plans
OPS established
ADP A/S ((Ports of Fredericia and Nyborg)
Small- and supply ships
63 -125A
Looking at the possibilities of shore power to ro-ro
2021---
CMP (Copenhagen -Malmø Port)
 
no info
Planning to supply ferries to Oslo
2021--
Esbjerg
All ships, supply ships, offshore rigs etc.
2 units that can supply up to 10.000 kW, 500 A and 50/60H
Planning new on shore power supply for supply ships
2021
Frederikshavn
All ships
Have supplied up to 800A in cooperation with local energy supply company
All ships
 
Grenå
All ships, (ships which have been maintained for a long time or are stored in the port of Grenaa)
Have a mobile OPS, that can supply up to 2000 kW mobile power unit 50/60Hz (Powercon)
 
2019
Hanstholm
Small – medium fishing ships Automatic power supply
125A
 
A new quay in 2020
Helsingør
Ferries
640 batteries of 6.5 kWh
Onshore power for battery ferries, 640 batteries of 6.5 kWh. Charged with 1,200 kWh each time the ferries are in port.
charged with approximately 1,200 kWh each time the ferries are in port.
2018
Hirtshals
 Small – medium fishing ships
 63-125A
Looking at the possibilities of shore power to bigger pelagic fishing ships
2021 ---
Hvidesande
Small ships- fishing ships
63A
Looking at the possibilities for hydrogen supply for dredging ships.  
2019---
Kalundborg
Small ships
63- 125A
All ships
 
Kolding
Small ships
63A
The port of Kolding is looking at the possibilities for a new OPS for cargo ships (container, bulk etc)
2021 ---
Køge
 All ships
10-125 A
 
 
Randers
Small ships
32 A -63A
All ships (can only support small ships)
 
Rønne
 
 Up to 400A
Bornholmslinien from Rønne - Køge are investigating OPS for the ferrys
2021--
Skagen
Small – medium fishing ships
350A in new quays 125A in old ones. Automatic power supply for fishing ships
10 pcs. 350A to supply 10 ships with different voltage levels and frequencies, independently of each other. Each outlet can supply voltages from 400V to 690V with 50Hz or 60Hz
 
October 2021
Thyborøn
Small – medium fishing ships
Normal 63 -125A but can supply up to 350A
Thyborøn are seeking funds for OPS up to 800A for bigger ships (supply ships – drilling rigs etc).
 
2021 --
Aabenraa
Small ships
63A
All ships (can only support small ships)
 
Aarhus
Ferries
Planning supply 4 ferries, each at 300 KW
Have power supply for tugs.
2021
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